Install Linux
Automatic Installs Of Turnkey Linux Appliances On Virtual Private Servers
Mar 11th
(or How to set up a fully working Joomla, Drupal, LAMP, LAPP, Zimbra, Torrent server etc., in a couple of minutes)
Turnkey Linux comprises a set of free, Ubuntu-based software appliances that are primarily available for server-type usage scenarios, such as setting up database, web, forum, wiki and photo gallery servers. Each appliance is preconfigured to work out of the box, with ease of use being the primary goal behind the Turnkey Linux project.
This is extremely useful in itself, but if you wanted to experiment with these appliances, potentially to evaluate or otherwise test them, it would be great if you could perform installations with the absolute minimum of effort.
A number of hosting providers out there provide Linux VPS services, which usually enable users to have their own virtual server with automatic provisioning of major Linux distributions, such as Debian, Ubuntu or CentOS. GigaTux has been working with the Turnkey Linux team and have managed to take the automatic installation concept one step further to enable this to work with all Turnkey Linux appliances. This is made possible by using frameworks provided by the excellent server open source control panel DTC.
Turnkey Linux appliances enable users to easily deploy primarily web-based applications within an entire Linux kernel and Ubuntu-based package set. Once a distribution is chosen within the control panel, the install is fully completed within a few minutes and ready to be customised. This enables a rapid deployment of a tested setup, with full update and security support provided by the Turnkey Linux and Ubuntu package maintainers.
Our efforts are available to all using the DTC control panel, with Debian packages for Lenny being provided. Additionally, scripts have been written such that when new or updated appliances are released, new deployable packages for the DTC control panel are created and made available in our repository automatically.
It is not actually too difficult to configure images to work for automatic deployment, but performing this manually for every appliance is a time consuming process. The scripts we have written will automatically perform the following steps for each appliance:
It’s as simple as that. If you are interested, you can download the raw scripts. They will need some customisation for your setup as there are hard coded directories in there.
If you are happy playing with just one appliance, you can of course just download it from the Turnkey Linux website and install it on your PC (or use a Virtualisation solution like Xen or VMWare).
However, if you want to rapidly try out a variety of appliances using the setup we have made, the quickest way would be to rent a VPS. Alternately, you can install the DTC control panel yourself and add our Debian repository to your /etc/apt/sources.list. This setup requires you to run a fully featured Xen setup and requires significant configuration.
Feel free to get in contact with us at info@gigatux.com with any questions.
The PC Secret Formula – Optimize And Secure Your Computer Today!
Mar 11th
3-year Proven Track Record: Has Sold Over 30,000 Copies Online. Proven Seller – This System Actually Does What It Promises.
The PC Secret Formula – Optimize And Secure Your Computer Today!
‘Error informing the kernel about modifications….’ Error Installing Fedora
Mar 11th
Fedora is an operating system that is built on top of Linux kernel. It is a RPM (RPM Package Manager) based operating system and is available in different variants, starting from Fedora Core 1 to Fedora 11. On occasion, you observe partition issues while installing or upgrading Fedora and the installation fails with an error message. It is likely that to resolve the issue, you need to repartition the hard drive, which causes data loss as a result. Hence, to restore lost information, use your recent data backup or alternatively, scan your hard drive using Linux Recovery applications (If backup is invalid or doesnât exist).
As a practical instance, you try to install Fedora and receive the following error message: âError: Error informing the kernel about modifications to partition /dev/
The Basics of The Palm Pre Linux
Mar 10th
Written by: Alexandr Dodatko, Junior Software Developer of Device Team
Apriorit Inc.
Table of content
Introduction
1. SDK Installation
2. Start to work with Linux
3. Program Installation
4. System foldes review
4.1 Standard system directories
4.2 Specific Directories of Web OS
5. Work with FTP on the Palm Pre
5.1. Data exchage procedure
5.2 Work with console client ncftp
Referrences
Palm company released (http://www.palm.com/us/products/phones/pre/) the new smartphone managed by GNU Linux based operating system. This product becomes more and more popular due to the cute GUI, well-documented SDK and easy start on the development. But nevertheless many low-level features of this system is poorly documented.
This article will be useful for those who start working with the console interface of GNU Linux generally and Palm Web OS in particular. It may be useful also for the developers who need more capabilities than Mojo SDK provides to solve their task.
In this article we’ll consider such questions:
This article is some kind of review.
I used emulator from the Palm Mojo SDK package to research the features of Web OS.
You can download it from the official site: http://developer.palm.com/index.php?option=com_ajaxregister&view=register&sdkdownload
Or use this link (no registration): http://developer.palm.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1788
Choose the platform you need on the download page (Fig.1) and then follow the instuctions on the site and in Install Wizard. It’s better to install Java first, thenVirtualBox, and thenSDK. Such order decrease the possibility of errors.
Figure 1: Choosing platform
During the installation the virtual machine for Palm Web OS will be created. You don’t have to create it manually.
To start work with Web OS Linux start the emulator. You can use either the shortcut created by installation program (fig.2) or VirtualBox interface(fig.3).
Figure 2: Start with shortcut
Figure 3: Start from Virtualbox
If verything is ok then you’ll see the Emulator window (fig.4). We’ll need the Internet connection for the further work. It should be configured only in the host system (in our case it’s Windows) . You can check ff there is Internet on Emulator simply starting Web Browser. To do it choose Programs (right bottom icon) => Web. After that try to open some site just like on the computer. Search something for example (fig.5).
Figure 4: Palm Emulator
Figure 5: Palm Web Browser
Now we should use the novacom.exe utility to connect to the device. To get the full information about this program options enter
The command
opens the Linux terminal window.
Figure 6: Linux Console
Note: like in the usual Linux, more than one terminal can be opened in Web OS.
First lets browse the file system. ls command is used for this. After entering it we see the content of the current directory (root by default).
Figure 7: Results of the ls command
To distinguish files from directories we an use option ls -F
Figure 8: Results of the ls -F command
Directories now have / symbol at the end. So as you see we have only three files in the root directory: wget, log.txt, md5sums.
When using ls -F some other symbols can occur at the end of the file names.
Suffics
Meaning
@
Symbol link
*
Executable file
/
Directory
=
Socket
You can see the examples by entering commands:
More detailed information about the file system element type can be obtained by means of file utility. This utility is disabled in Palm Web OS by default. Later we’ll consider how to install it.
To browse the file content use the command cat
For example,
To obtain the full information about the command enter
I propose reader to learn also such commands as rm (remove files\directories), mkdir (make directory), touch(create file), cp (copy), pwd (get current path).
The process of the program installation for Linux is a bit different from this process in Windows. Unlike other systems Linux has repositories. Repository can be considered as the database that contains program, libraries, and relations between them. There is some special software that manages repositories and install software on the local computer. Such software is called “package manager”. The package manager compares software versions on the computer and in the repository, download software, resolve conflicts between packages. More information about package managers can be found in the articles [4],[5],[6],[7].
By default, Palm Web OS does not have a package manager. To install it use the guide
http://www.webos-internals.org/wiki/Next_steps.
The script optware-bootstrap.sh performs the following:
In the original script some of the mentioned actions cannot be performed on the emulator (for example (4)). It’s also required to have /dev/hdb device. By default, there is no such device on the emulator so you should add it manually. Detailed instructions can be found here:
http://www.webos-internals.org/wiki/Adding_Disks_to_the_Emulator
I’ve put the fixed version of this script into the attachments to this article. It lets user to change disk for installation and also is free from the limitations for the emulator.
To start the fixed script you shoud get it on the device using the wget command. To organize file exchange with the device you can install ftp server on your computer or other computer in your local network.
After entering the command
the file will be uploaded to the device ???? to the current directory (ip adress should be of the computer with ftp server of cause). DON’T use symbol names of the machines (for example
) as far as Web OS won’t be able to convert them to the address correctly.
So, we have executed the script and installed a lot of useful programs. Now we have package manager and so we’ll be able to install all missing programs. To do it, use the following command:
For example
The list of the packages can be browsed by the command
or by following the link:
http://ipkg.nslu2-linux.org/feeds/optware/i686g25/cross/unstable/Packages
Developers and enthusiasts may want to install gcc compiler, gdb debugger, make utility, python interpreter and other great things. The presence of these utilities allows program installation by means of building from the source texts.
Let’s start from the folders that are common for all Linux systems.
1. /bin, /lib, /home,
These are folders for standard utilities from Linux package, shared libraries (Windows *.dll analogues) and user files correspondingly.
2. /mnt, /media, /lost+found
The access points to the external data storages (floppies, hard disks, optical disks) are stored in these directories. In the Palm memory card (micro sd) can be mounted to this directory. And there is nothing interesting there on the emulator.
Note: The lost+found directory is specific for the extX (ext1, ext2, ext3, ext4) file systems.
3. /dev
Device files are stored here.
/dev/hd[a..z][1..N] – logical partitions of hard disk
/dev/hda1 – root file directory
/dev/hdc – bootloader
/dev/hdb – the section we created earlier or the physical data storage of the real device – 8GB (~7GB user available)
ttyN – console devices.
null – «black hole», eating all information that is entered into it.
1. /var/luna/data/dbdata/
There are databases used by high-level applications of Web OS.
Bases PalmDatabase.db3 and PalmAccountDatabase.db3 is in sqlite format. There are data of such applications as mail accounts, notes, calendar, chat, memo stored in them.
They can be browsed by any sqlite viewer (see [9]). I would like to advise this one http://link.osenxpsuite.net/?uid=homepage&id=sqlite2009pro.zip
We will discuss how to exchange files with Palm Pre in the next section.
2. /var/luna/data/mediadb.db3
The data about the locations of images, music, movies etc. are stored here. After analysis I can say that these data are stored in the directories: /media/internal/, /usr/palm/ and their subdirectories.
3. /var/luna/data/emails
The text of email messages is stored in this directory in html and ascii formats.
4. /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services
Here you can find Java services (or, if yo like, deamons). Using them the application developed with the usage of Mojo SDK can get access to the low-level components of the system.
5. /usr/lib/luna/java
Here java library files (*.jar) are stored, they are used by services.
Well, now we know what and where is situated. But it’s not very convenient to research file content directly on Palm Pre. So we have a task of getting files from the device.
One of the methods is FTP protocol. And so you should:
To connect to the server enter ncftp
Or
Remember that
When the connection is established the current local directory is «frozen». Instead of working with the directory all commands of navigation in the file system are translated in the commands of the FTP and processed by the server.
Figure 9: Server navigation with ncftp
Now, after you choosed the necessary remote directory data exchange can be performed:
You can also use some mask instead of the argument. For example, put *.txt
Figure 10: Transmission of the several files using the mask
To send the directory use the command put -R
Figure 11: Sending the directory with ncftp
Ncftp also supports such commands as mkdir, rm, rmdir, pwd.
The same commands but with l- prefix are used to navigate in the local file system: for example lmkdir, lls, lpwd etc.
You can find the full list of the commands on the official program site:
http://ncftp.com/ncftp/doc/ncftp.html
Download scripts sources.
http://developer.palm.com/
http://www.palm.com/us/products/phones/pre/
http://www.webos-internals.org/wiki/Next_steps
http://www.control-escape.com/linux/lx-swinstall.html
http://www.linuxforums.org/forum/linux-tutorials-howtos-reference-material/64958-how-install-software-linux.html
http://www.linuxcenter.ru/lib/articles/system/rpm_howto.phtml
http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/index.ru.html
http://www.webos-internals.org/wiki/PalmDatabase.db3_File
http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=ManagementTools
http://link.osenxpsuite.net/?uid=homepage&id=sqlite2009pro.zip
http://ipkg.nslu2-linux.org/feeds/optware/i686g25/cross/unstable/Packages
http://filezilla-project.org/download.php?type=server
http://filezilla-project.org/download.php
http://www.perpetualpc.net/srtd_commands_rev.html
http://ncftp.com/ncftp/doc/ncftp.html
Linux/unix: Basic Ntp Configuration
Mar 9th
Network Time Protocol (NTP) is an Internet protocol used for the transfer of accurate time, providing time information so that a precise time can be obtained and maintained on a networkMost UNIX and Linux operating systems provide built-in time synchronisation functionality with its NTP (Network Time Protocol) daemon. If the NTP service is not available on your version of UNIXLinux, NTP version 4 is open source and can easily be downloaded and configured, compiled and installed from www.ntp.org.Network Time Protocol is the standard service for time dissemination across TCP/IP networks. It provides accuracies of 1-50 milliseconds, depending on the characteristics of the synchronization source and network paths.The configuration file fro the NTP daemon is named ntp.conf and contains a list of reference clocks that it can synchronise too. The command ‘server’ specifies the reference clock, any characters after the ‘#’ symbol are comments, example:server time-a.nist.gov # Public NTP server: NISTdriftfile /var/lib/ntp/ntp.driftThe drift file command identifies the location where the drift is recorded (sometimes referred to as a ‘frequency error). This value can be offset by NTP to ensure of increased accuracy. When configured, NTP can be controlled using the commands ‘ntpd start’ ‘ntpd stop’ ‘ ntpq –p’ (displays status) NTP can also authenticate timing resources Note: It is strongly recommends that you configure a time server with a hardware source rather than from the internet where there is no authentication. Authentication codes are specified in the ‘ntp.keys’ file. Specialist NTP servers are available that can receive transmissions from either GPS or national time reference broadcasts. They are relatively cheap and the signal is authenticated providing a secure time reference.Authentication allows passwords to be specified by the NTP server and its clients. NTP passwords or keys are stored in the ntp.keys file in the following format: number M (The M stands for MD5 encryption), password:1 M mypassword3 M my2ndpassword5 M my3rdpasswordAuthentication for NTP has been developed to prevent malicious tampering with system synchronisation just as firewalls have been developed to protect networks from attack but as with any system of security it only works if it is utilised.
Using Pidgin: Sweet Instant Messaging Without Ads or Horrible, Buggy Clients for Xp/vista/linux
Mar 9th
Let’s be honest: managing multiple instant messaging accounts on different services can be a pain in the neck, especially when you need a different program for each account. That’s not fun, even if your dream is to have your system tray touch your Start menu (or your System menu, GNOME folks!). Ignoring that fact, IM programs tend to be buggy, slow, and bogged down with advertising. Plus, most multi-protocol clients tend to cost money. I don’t have money. But I do have a solution. Read on, kind person who reads thy articles.
Everyone, meet Pidgin. Pidgin is an open-source instant messaging client that allows users to connect to a wide variety of Instant Messaging clients. Don’t believe me? I don’t blame you, so here’s the supported list:
Free Damn Small Linux Games – Part 1
Mar 8th
Many people find that Damn Small Linux is an excellent tool for mastering Linux commands and running the Linux operating system. But what if you have no interest in becoming a computer nerd; can this software still be useful to regular people? The answer is a resounding yes. You can use this tiny operating system whether or not you want to learn the sometimes gruesome details of operating systems. This article presents several free games that are immediately available once you have downloaded and installed Damn Small Linux.
To access these games either click on the DSL button in the lower-left hand corner or on the Apps icon toward the top of the screen. Then open the Games: there are eleven; Canfield, Freecell, Golf, Mastermind, Minesweeper, Pegged, Slide_Puzzle, Solitaire, Taipei, Thornq, and Xtris and Taiedit which is not a game, but a game editor. This article looks at the first six games; a companion article examines the rest of them. As with any gaming systems, be careful not to get addicted.
Canfield is a relatively complicated single-deck solitaire card game. If you are not familiar with this game you’ll have to go to a source such as Google to find out how to play it. There is no help function. And sometimes the cards move fast, too fast to learn what is happening if you don’t know the game.
Freecell is a relatively complicated single-deck solitaire card game. I think that it’s easier to win than Canfield but maybe that’s because I am an ex-semi-Freecell-addict. It’s a lot easier to get addicted to the Window’s version of Freecell because it includes a seed number that lets you replay the same game. There is no such seed number in this version of Freecell.
In spite of its name, Golf is yet another card game one that is fairly well known. For more information about this game access http://www.delorie.com/store/ace/docs/golf.html.
Mastermind is a game in which you use a mouse to drag colors from the palette (on the left) to the empty cells in the guess row. When the four cells in the guess row are full, right-click on the right of the screen to see how you did. There will be one black peg for each cell that is the correct color, and one white for a color that is not in the correct sequence. Keep going and sooner or later you can figure out all the colors in the row. If that’s your thing.
Some people will remember Minesweeper from the days of Windows 3.1. The goal is to clear a field of mines by clicking on a square that has no mines and right-clicking on a mined square to deactivate it. The screen indicates how many mines are adjacent to a square that has been deactivated or clicked on. One false move and you lose. When you start the game you can choose from four levels by enter 1 (the easiest), 2, 3, or 4. I vaguely recall that Windows 3.1 gave me additional options, but still Damn Small Linux’s Minesweeper is a good time waster.
Pegged is a field of thirty penguins and thirty-one spaces. Initially one space is empty. A move consists of one Penguin jumping over another generating an additional empty space. You win if at the end of the game there is a single penguin. You really win if the solitary penguin is in the center square. Some would say that you really, really win if you close the Games menu and get back to work.
High Iq Pro – Scientific Iq Increasing Software.
Mar 8th
High Iq Pro Is The Only Proven Iq Increasing Software In The Brain Training Market. High Conversion Rate. No Refunds On Record. $31.99 – 50% Commission.
High Iq Pro – Scientific Iq Increasing Software.
Free Linux Games – Part 2
Mar 7th
Damn Small Linux can be an excellent tool for learning Linux commands and running the Linux operating system. But what if you are not interested in becoming a computer nerd; can this software still be useful to regular people? The answer is a resounding yes; you can make use of this tiny operating system whether or not you want to learn the sometimes gruesome details of operating systems. This article presents several free games that are immediately available once you have downloaded and installed Damn Small Linux.
To access these games either click on the DSL button in the lower-left hand corner or on the Apps icon toward the top of the screen. Then open the Games: there are eleven; Canfield, Freecell, Golf, Mastermind, Minesweeper, Pegged, Slide_Puzzle, Solitaire, Taipei, Thornq, and Xtris and Taiedit which is not a game, but a game editor. We will look at the games in order starting with Slide_Puzzle. As with any gaming systems, you must be careful not to get addicted.
Do you remember a hand-held non-electronic game that contained fifteen movable tiles and sixteen squares? By moving the tiles correctly you could reconstitute a series of numbers. Slide_puzzle is similar but even more challenging. First you load an image, a graphics file such as a jpg file. I didn’t have one readily available so I opened Firefox went to google images and downloaded into the /home/dsl directory the first crayfish image that Google offered me. Then I loaded it into the game which chopped it into little pieces to be reassembled. Left-click on a tile to slide it into the adjacent empty space. Right-click to see the original image. If you are really good you won’t have to take a peek at the original image. It helps if you selected an image that’s easy to reconstitute. I don’t recommend crayfish.
Solitaire is the good-old Klondike solitaire card game. While testing it for this article I won twice in a row and even came close the third time. This is the solitaire that I fondly remember as a kid. Watch out, it’s moderately addictive.
Taipei is a very addictive game in which you try to remove pairs of corresponding tiles. Of course whenever one tile is covered by another tile you must first remove the covering tile. To find out if a tile may be removed right-click on it. If it changes colors it may be removed by clicking on its available partner. The partner tile is usually a copy (9 and 9, Heart and Heart) but any of the direction tiles may be paired with any other direction tile, and any color tile may be paired with any color tile.) The numbers in the lower left hand corner of the screen indicate how many tiles remain and how many tiles are presently removable. In one game I started with 144 and 12. By judiciously removing two tiles I went to 142 and 15. I lost that game, like I lose most of the time. If the rules sound a bit complicated, they are. But you can learn by playing. And you can always press the Backspace key to undo your latest tile removal. The last time I played I was blocked, pressed the Backspace key, and went on to win. Some would say beginner’s luck. The instructions claim that every game can be won. I don’t believe it.
Taiedit lets you modify the game of Taipei. Good luck, this application looks moderately sophisticated.
Thornq is yet another solitaire card game. For more information about this game access their website at www.delorie.com/store/ace/docs/thornq.html .
You may not believe me, but I won this game without knowing how to play it. Beginner’s luck. The point is that Damn Small Linux offers a wide variety of solitaire card games. The final game offered with the system is xtris, a version of Tetris, a game in which you arrange falling blocks. This version offers a few controls including the possibility of playing several games at once. One at a time is more than enough for me.
